There is a clever seal around the shaft - when not working the shaft allows very little water in.
Bilge pumps have floats on them, so when water gets into the boat, the float rises (like a toilet float) and makes the pump come on automatically. And when the water level goes down, the pump shuts off.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.