If you want to use functions send it as an argument.
Now you start to understand why OO is so good. Create one class, make the $out a member of it and the two functions, make them methods of that class.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.