You can change the original array/arraylist. Then you call notifyDataSetChanged() on the adapter and it updates the list with the new information. If you use an ArrayList, then you can use all of its normal operations to insert/remove data at an arbitary index that you cannot do with an ordinary array of Strings.
So the contents of the ListView is very much tied back to the original data source- the contents isn't fixed by the adapter at the time you call myListView.setAdapter(). However, the add, remove, insert etc. methods will cause an error if you try them with an array because the array can't be used like this. The ArrayAdapter will actually convert the String array into an AbstractList object, but which can't be modified.
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