Are there any practical limitations to only using std::string instead of char arrays and std::vector/list instead of arrays in c++?

For 99% of the time and for 99% of Standard Library implementations, you will find that std::vectors will be fast enough, and the convenience and safety you get from using them will more than outweigh any small performance cost.

I would stick to STL classes (vectors, strings, etc). They are safer, easier to use, more productive, with less probability to have memory leaks and, AFAIK, they make some additional, run-time checking of boundaries, at least at DEBUG time (Visual C++).

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