Does a ac to dc transformer work the same as ac to ac such as 120 to 240?

Essentially yes. AC to AC is still two coils of wire, but with the AC to DC, there is a bridge rectifier on the output which consists of four diodes and a capacitor to smooth the spikes out of the voltage by providing either negative volts - 0 volts - positive volts or 0 volts and positive volts. The size of step up transformers whether DC to AC or AC to AC have to be substantially bigger than those mentioned above as they generally have to output a much higher rate of amps/volts compared to the step down transformers.

I am not an electrical engineer, however, this is what I believe. To step up from 120 AC to 240AC, you need to use a step-up transformer. However, if you need to change 120 AC to 120 DC, I believe you will need rectifiers and not a transformer.

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