How are valuations determined by Mark to Market?

A price where a reasonably large enough amount a security traded as close to the desired pricing time is observed...that price is used to price a position or "mark" a position at the market price...i think your question directly relates to the banks who are not required to mark their loans to market...every fund in the world uses mark to market to value securities in the portfolio.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.