How do mitochondria become inefficient?

Over time, the cristae in your mitochondria swell and become lazy fat cats—they don't do a whole lot of work. At the same time, young, small, but efficient mitochondria that are continually born become the energy workhorses of your body. In your body, the turf battle happens because the large ones (the bad ones) have the power to survive at the expense of the little ones (the good ones).

It turns out that you can tolerate a lot of damage to your mitochondria because mitochondrial DNA is resilient. This special Marine Corps brand of DNA is used to dealing with the damage that happens when you bombard them with oxidative substances. In a way, they are a little like parents.

The mitochondria can tolerate quite a bit, but eventually they blow a gasket. And that's when the real damage begins. This all happens as a natural part of the aging process.

In fact, people older than 60 have a 40 percent lower mitochondrial efficiency than people younger than 40. But remember, what's natural is not necessarily inevitable.

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