How do single-line models (SLM) differ from multi-line models (MLM)?

The SLM is used to evaluate the effects of a single set of connector pins. A SLM is independent of connector wiring pattern and is an approximation of a well referenced connector. The MLM differs from a SLM in that it accounts for the electrostatic and electromagnetic coupling, as well as the common impedance noise found in a connector.

Its structure couples in three dimensions all pins to each other. This results in a complex model that uses series resistance, inductance, coupling capacitance and inductive coupling coefficients so arranged to allow connections at both the input and output. This modeling effectively shows the coupled noise.

This is done, though, at the expense of CPU runtime. More.

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