How do you tell how many valence electrons are in an element?

The group in which an element falls = # of valence electrons eg Na gp 1 = 1 valence e Ca, gp 2 = 2 valence e and so on the number of covalent bond an element makes really depends on which other element it bonds with but note this a covalent bond consist of 2 electrons so how many covalent bonds formed will depend on how many electrons an atom has in its valence shell covalent bond are mostly between non metals and involves electron sharing carbon forms the longest chain of covalent bonds with itself.

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