How does a saguaro cactus plant adapt to its ecosystem?

One way in which the saguaro cactus Carnegiea gigantea adapts to its desert ecosystem is by growing thick, columnlike stems The stems are big enough to carry on much of the life sustaining activities for the entire plant. For example, the stems move, process and store nutrient solutions and energizing photosynthetic products. Concentrating all of these important activities in the place where they're most needed saves on energy Another way is by growing slow but tall Its height casts a shadow on the soil around its base.

This keeps available water - be it dew or rainfall - from evaporating. It allows the moisture to drip into the ground and be taken in by the cactus' roots. Additionally, the slow growth allows the plant to spread its energy use over a longer lifetime that may reach 150+ years Still another way is by growing shallow, fibrous roots The roots spread out underground, to anchor the plant.

They also hold together the soil, against erosion. And they seek out available water and dissolved nutrients Yet another way is by growing branches, flowers, and fruits late in life A saguaro tends not to branch or flower until after it's 40+ years old. This is a wise, energy saving move.

The cactus directs most of its energy to getting established in an extreme, harsh environment. Once accomplished, then it starts directing energizing photosynthetic products into reproduction.

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