How does land-use change affect climate?

Earth’s climate is strongly affected by the nature of the land-surface, including the vegetation and soil type and the amount of water stored on the land as soil moisture, snow and groundwater. Vegetation and soils affect the surface albedo, which determines the amount of sunlight absorbed by the land. The land surface also affects the partitioning of rainfall into evapotranspiration (which cools the surface and moistens the atmosphere) and runoff (which provides much of our freshwater).

This partitioning can affect local convection and therefore rainfall. Changes in land-use associated with the spread of agriculture and urbanization and deforestation can alter these mechanisms. Land use change can also change the surface roughness, affect emissions of trace gases, and some volatile organic compounds such as isoprene.

Despite the key role of land cover change at regional scales, climate model projections from IPCC AR4 excluded anthropogenic land-cover change. There has been ... more.

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