How does one get Sickle Cell Trait?

Sickle cell Anemia is a genetic disorder. It is an inherited disease. Not everyone who has the sickle cell gene will have sickle cell anemia because the sickle cell gene is recessive while the healthy hemoglobin gene is dominant.

Therefore, as long as you have at least one healthy hemoglobin gene in your DNA, you will not suffer from sickle cell anemia but you will be a carrier of the gene. Although so, carriers will exhibit certain traits of sickle cell anemia but are minor compared to people who suffer from sickle cell anemia.

Take "fatigue-ness" for example, a sickle cell gene carrier will become tired more easily compared to a completely healthy person because some of the red blood cell is sickle shaped due to the sickle cell gene. This is why some sickle cell symptoms may appear on carriers of the gene even when the person does not suffer from sickle cell anemia.

Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin S distorts the shape of red blood cells, especially when exposed to low oxygen levels.

The distorted red blood cells are shaped like crescents or sickles. These fragile, sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to the body's tissues. They can also clog more easily in small blood vessels, and break into pieces that disrupt healthy blood flow.

Sickle cell anemia is inherited from both parents. Sickle cell disease is much more common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. It is also seen in people from South and Central America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.

Someone who inherits the hemoglobin S gene from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) from the other parent will have sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait do not have the symptoms of true sickle cell anemia.

Symptoms usually don't occur until after age 4 months.

Almost all patients with sickle cell anemia have painful episodes (crises), which can last from hours to days. These crises can affect the bones of the back, the long bones, and the chest.

Some patients have one episode every few years. Others have many episodes per year. The crises can be severe enough to require a hospital stay.

Ulcers on the lower legs (in adolescents and adults).

Painful and prolonged erection (priapism - occurs in 10 - 40% of men with the disease).

Tests commonly performed to diagnose and monitor patients with sickle cell anemia include.

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