How does short-acting insulin work for treating diabetes?

In order to match the rise and fall in blood sugar that results from eating carbohydrates, you need to use short-acting insulin. In most cases these days, the very-short-acting insulin analogs -- Humalog, NovoLog, or Apidra -- are used for this purpose. They have the advantage of working quickly enough that they can be taken from about fifteen minutes before a meal up to immediately before eating or sometimes even at the end of a meal.

This rapid action is a big advantage for people with type 1 diabetes because it means that they can be totally spontaneous about when they eat. Before these very-fast-acting insulins were available, regular, or "R," insulin had to be used for this purpose. This type of insulin needs to be given thirty to forty-five minutes prior to eating, which means you have to know well in advance when you're going to eat.

Regular insulin also lasts much longer than the very-fast-acting insulins, so it commonly causes hypoglycemia several hours after the meal.

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