How does vitamin D decrease the risk of cancer?

Proofreader genes protect the body by rooting out cells that have become abnormal or malignant. Vitamin D appears to work to decrease cancer risk by strengthening the functioning of your proofreader gene. Whether or not this works the ways the theories propose, the ability of vitamin D to decrease the risk of cancer is consistent in both epidemiologic and test-tube studies.

The first theory is that the D3 form of the vitamin -- the active form the body can use -- kills cell mutations. Somehow, vitamin D is directly toxic to possibly cancerous cells. The second theory, supported by more data, is that adequate levels of vitamin D are necessary for proofreader genes to spot cancerous cells and cause them to die.

The proofreader gene recognizes mutated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and cells. Vitamin D3 is an essential component used in this attempt by the body to rid itself of the cells. Vitamin D3 helps make protein for the functioning of the P53 gene, which is one of the body's main proofreader genes and cancer watchdogs.

This gene helps prevent cancer by regulating protein production of specific oncogenes -- genes that, when mutated, can cause cancers. Indeed, vitamin D not only helps in the proper functioning of the gene, but also appears to actually help safeguard the P53 gene itself from genetic damage.

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