How is extrusive igneous rock different from intrusive igneous rock?
Extrusive igneous rock is found outside the Earth's crust. Intrusive, however, is found underneath the Earths crust.
Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material. There are two basic types: 1) intrusive igneous rocks such as diorite, gabbro, granite and pegmatite that solidify below Earth's surface; and 2) extrusive igneous rocks such as andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite and scoria that solidify on or above Earth's surface. Pictures and brief descriptions of some common igneous rock types are shown below.
Andesite is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase with other minerals such as hornblende, pyroxene and biotite. The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Basalt is a fine-grained, dark-colored extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene.
The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Diorite is a coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that contains a mixture of feldspar, pyroxene, hornblende and sometimes quartz. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
Gabbro is a coarse-grained, dark colored, intrusive igneous rock that contains feldspar, augite and sometimes olivine. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Granite is a coarse-grained, light colored, intrusive igneous rock that contains mainly quartz and feldspar minerals.
The specimen above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly that crystals do not form.
The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Pegmatite is a light-colored, extremely coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock. It forms near the margins of a magma chamber during the final phases of magma chamber crystallization.
It often contains rare minerals that are not found in other parts of the magma chamber.
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