How many genes are in the human genome?

The human genome has just over 3 billion DNA base pairs encoding 750 MB of information and containing 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. This is substantially less than initial estimates of 100,000 or more. The number of human genes became clear with the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003.

While its goal was to sequence the human genome, another important task of the project was to determine the number of genes, their locations, and give an idea as to their function. Genes are long stretches of DNA that form the most basic unit of heredity. Variations on genes are called an allele.

For instance, it is believed that at least one gene pair dictates human hair color, and depending on the combination of alleles, someone has either black hair, brown hair, red hair, blond hair, or other variations in between. Because the processes of genetic expression are complex, we still have a lot to learn before we know what all 20,000+ genes do and how every feature of human beings ... more.

There have been several arguments as to how many genes are in the human body. Initial estimates said it was close to 100,000, but recent research it was discovered that there are closer to 30-40,000. You can find more information here: mindfully.org/GE/GE2/Genes-Number-Disput....

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