Numerous scientific studies have proven that frozen pipes break when ice is uncontrollably formed inside the pipe near to a dead-end or closed valve. As the ice forms, it seals off the pipe I.D., and then expands longitudinally, along the center axis of the pipe, pushing on the trapped water. This push causes the pressure to rise in the entrapped unfrozen water area until it reaches a level that the pipe can no longer hold.
The pipe then sometimes breaks. Highly involved testing has shown that radial expansion of the ice plug does not come close to exerting enough stress on normal piping systems to cause failure. So why won't Cryostop International's process ... more.
A "high pressure" Cryostop™ freeze plug will hold even when pressure behind it is raised to cause stresses greater than 100% SMYS of the pipe. In fact, full scale laboratory tests even discovered that the Cryostop™ freeze plug locked into a severely damaged pipe held these over-stresses, for reasons that are just now being understood. More.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.