I have a simple Break barrel air rifle, can I shoot other things out of it without damage to the piston?

YES AND NO you can use it to fire round lead balls that are like bb but soft and really supply good impact you can build your own dart like hunting implements (kinda like blow gun dart) if you have a 22 air rifle you can buy a handfull of fletchets from army navy and store and take the one behind the other wrapped in a thin onion skin like paper till they are perfect fit for barrel and fire up to three at a time with enough power to put em half inch into tree if you have a magnum airgun I would only try these with worn barrels in break barrel guns (NEVER NEW TOYS).

Im not a pro when it comes to air rifles, actually im quite new myself but I would say its not going to bee too good using anything that the guns not supposed to shoot... so you should probably stick to pellets.

I would only shoot the ammo the manual for your rifle calls for. Anything other than that is a bad idea.

Try to use things for intended purposes and proper ammo , also follow user manual for safe usage.

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