Is it bad to use a Sql Server Scalar UDF in this scenario?

Sure, no problem - performance will be almost the same as if when you would do it inline at every SELECT. I don't think this should be any problem at all - quite the contrary, putting this into an UDF seems like a really good idea! (to keep your T-SQL code clean and simple).

Yes, it's a bad idea because you should put all your score weights in a table and perform a join to get the result.

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