Is there a more concise way of writing “$a? $a : $b”?

Yes, but only if you have PHP 5.3+ installed. You can simply miss out the middle part.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.