Mathematica: Idiomatic way to replace values in a list that match a condition?

The built in function Chop is almost exactly what you're looking for (it does work on lists, as in your example). One potential surprise is that it doesn't chop (truncate) integers, only floating point numbers. So for your example to work as you might expect, first convert your list to floating point with the N function: ChopN@{-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}, 1.5 -> {-3.

, -2. , 0, 0, 0, 2. , 3.

} As Ramashalanka shows, to do this sort of thing more generally, I recommend: IfAbs.

Lots of options that all work: MapIfAbs# 0 which is equivalent to: {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} /. (x_ /; Absx 0 or ReplaceAll{-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}, (x_?(Abs# 0 which is equivalent to: {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} /. (x_?(Abs# 0.

Here is a method (f3) that is nearly an order of magnitude faster. It is adapted from code by Fred Simons. F1 = IfAbs# 0 &; f3 = # (1 - Unitize@Clip#, {-1.5, 1.5}, {0, 0}) &; lst = RandomInteger{-100, 100}, 5000; SameQ @@ (#@lst & /@ {f1, f2, f3}) First@Timing@Do#@lst, {500} & /@ {f1, f2, f3} (* Out= True *) (* Out= {0.406, 2.282, 0.047} *).

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