Mechanisms that allow movement of materials across a plasma membrane include?

There are a range of different methods. Diffusion can occur directly through the phospholipid bilayer and is a passive process. Facilitated diffusion is also a passive process that occurs through intrinsic hydrophilic channel or carrier proteins.

Osmosis is a special case of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules only. Active transport is an energy-requiring process where carrier proteins are used to transport substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration (against a concentration gradient). The cell obtains and excretes material in bulk by the processes of endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and exocytosis respectively.

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