You need to move "p. Active = 1" from the WHERE clause into the OUTER JOIN criteria.
You asked about optimizing it, hoping that a index on the "path" column might help. Unfortunately you are searching for a value of path that matches LIKE CONCAT( '%/', r. Region_id, '/%' ), and no index in the world is smart enough to work with that.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.