I think (part of) the problem is that you are re-using an alias in a wrong location. You should one use an alias once, and don't mix them for different instances of the same table.
Execute each subquery manually in phpmyadmin and see which one is returning more than one row and you have your answer. Another option is to add a limit of 1 to each subquery to make sure only one row is returned. Of course it is better to look for the bug and solve it.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.