PostgreSQL - best way to return an array of key-value pairs?

I suspect that without having more knowledge of your application I'm not going to be able to get you all the way to the result you need. But we can get pretty far. For starters, there is the ROW function.

Your example displays a text and an integer value (no single quotes around 1). It is generally impossible to mix types in an array. To get those values into an array you have to create a composite type and then form an ARRAY of that composite type like you already mentioned yourself.

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