For a. Connect (&GApp::foo) both the foo(double) and foo(double, double) will match the overload of connect with one, and with two template parameters respectively (in the case of the two parameter version, the second template argument will be deduced, the first argument was provided by you explicitly).
The problem with the original code is that you are explicitly defining the wrong part. When you specify a list of template parameters, even when you specify one, the compiler will attempt to deduce the second one and then it runs right back into ambiguity because it doesn't know if you want to use (double,double) or (double) variation.
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