What are the short and long term effects of exercise on cardiovascular system?

The short term effects are that your heart rate increases which means you blood pressure increases The long term effects are that you will have a lower resting heart rate and you will return to that quicker after stopping exercise (quicker recovery rate) For information about all the benefits of exercise see the page link, further down this page, listed under Related Questions.

During exercise the muscle cells use up more oxygen and produce increased amounts of carbon dioxide. Your lungs and heart have to work harder to supply the extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide. Your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply.

Heart rate also increases in order to transport the oxygenated blood to the muscles Muscle cell respiration increases - more oxygen is used up and levels of carbon dioxide rise. The brain detects increasing levels of carbon dioxide - a signal is sent to the lungs to increase breathing. Breathing rate and the volume of air in each breath increase - This means that more gaseous exchange takes place.

The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. More oxygenated blood is gets to the muscles and more carbon dioxide is removed.

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