What Are the Specific Causes of Dyspnea?

The causes of acute dyspnea--that is, shortness of breath that comes on over minutes, include: pneumothorax, or collapsed lung (FIGURE 2), which usually results from trauma to the chest, whether blunt (such as a fall or automobile accident that breaks ribs) or penetrating (such as a stab wound or a gunshot wound), but can also occur “spontaneously.” Spontaneous pneumothorax is actually rather common, and usually results from the rupture of a “bleb,” or abnormal air-filled sac of lung tissue, most often in younger people (age 20-40) who are tall and thin. Traumatic pneumothorax and associated injuries may be fatal, and treatment usually involves inserting a needle and tube into the chest.

Spontaneous pneumothorax may or may not require specific treatment and is hardly ever life-threatening; pulmonary embolism, or a blood clot lodged in and blocking one of the arteries supplying blood flow to the lungs (FIGURE 3). Such clots usually originate elsewhere in the body, especially in the ... more.

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