What causes a volcano to erupt and how do scientists predict eruptions?

Monitoring of volcanoes can be done using numerous methods which allow volcanologists to predict eruptions: mapping of ancient deposits - mapping of previous deposits allows an understanding of future eruptions i.e. Ignimbrite and pumice deposits will hint at future plinian style eruptions, whearas lava flows will hint at effusive strombolian or hawaiian eruptions. Placing seismometers both onto and around a volcano allows the monitoring of small earthquakes and the tracing of magma as it moves towards the surface.

It is important to place seismometers further away from the volcano to monitor regional activity, so as not to confuse and complicate the data collected. Tiltmeters - allow the monitoring of ground deformation, bulging caused by intrusion of magma beneath the ground. This may be indicative of an iminent eruption.

Also, monitoring of small eruptions may show juvenile and or accidental material. Accidentals (country rock) may show the eruptions to be phreatic only, when ... more.

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