What does court-packing mean?

Court-packing is an attempt by the sitting President to override checks and balances by nominating many members of his (or her) own party to the Supreme Court and/or other federal courts. This action skews decisions to accommodate the President's agenda Constitutional court judges and justices are essentially appointed for life and usually remain on the federal bench for decades, extending the President's influence long beyond his term of office Congress can use the power of checks and balances to prevent the President from achieving his goal Examples One historical example is President John Adams' attempt to appoint a large number of Federalist judges to a reorganized and enlarged federal judiciary after he lost the 1800 Presidential election to Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson. The Jefferson administration and incoming Congress was able to reverse many of Adams' appointments by repealing the Judiciary Act of 1801, which created the new judgeships.

President Jefferson also withheld a number of low-level justice of the peace commissions, resulting in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, (1803) Another example is President Franklin D. Roosevelt's scheme to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court by drafting legislation that would place one new justice on the Court for each sitting justice over the age of 70.5, up to a maximum of six new justices (for a total of 15).

Roosevelt's intent was to stop the Court from overturning New Deal legislation, an action that would give the President excessive influence over the Supreme Court. Congress stripped Roosevelt's plan from the Judiciary bill.

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