An enlarged heart is an increase in the size of the heart. It can be caused by heart valve disease or high blood pressure. It is detected by a physical or an x-ray.
The term "enlarged heart" refers to a heart that is larger than average for the age and size of its owner. It can mean many things, and not all of them are worrisome. An enlarged heart is typically spotted on a routine chest x-ray that shows the heart's shadow to be larger than it should be relative to the size of the person's chest.
The difference between normal and enlarged isn't necessarily huge. For an average-size person, the left ventricle might measure 2 inches in diameter; 2.5 inches would be abnormally large. Sometimes an electrocardiogram tracing suggests the heart is enlarged.
The most accurate methods of determining the size of the heart are the echocardiogram and magnetic resonance imaging. These techniques can measure the size of each heart chamber down to about a millimeter. If your heart is enlarged, it is important for your doctor to determine which part of the heart is enlarged, by how much it is enlarged, and why it has gotten bigger.
If you are an athlete, it is probably because of the exercise you do. Olympic athletes can have so much heart muscle that their hearts appear to be seriously diseased. More often than not, though, an enlarged heart is caused by an underlying cardiac problem.
The left ventricle may enlarge from high blood pressure or as a result of a heart attack, while the right ventricle can enlarge from lung disease or a hole inside the heart. A faulty heart valve can cause the heart to enlarge, as can alcohol abuse. Genetic disorders such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which cause abnormal growth of muscle fibers in the heart, also cause the heart to get bigger.
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