What is austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and duplex stainless steel?

A. Each of the terms represent a metallurgical phase associated with the alloy. Ferritic stainless steels must have more than 10-12% chromium to be considered stainless.

This provides the ferrite phase, or structure, that is strong and hard. However, this structure cannot be significantly hardened by further cold-work or heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steels have higher carbon and chromium contents than the ferritic stainless steel, plus manganese and silicon, which allow the formation of hard acicular (spiky) structures.

These alloys can be hardened, or tempered, by heat treatment. Austenitic stainless steel have chromium and nickel contents, which provide the material with excellent corrosion and malleable (workable) properties at room temperature. Duplex stainless steels have controlled amounts of ferrite and austenite in their structures, which allow these alloys to exhibit higher strengths than their austenitic counterparts, while retaining the corrosion resistance of the ... more.

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