What is CLINICAL shock?

Clinical Shock In medicine shock implies a failure by the circulation to meet the metabolic demand of the tissues. The failure of the circulation is usually, but not always, reflected by hypotension (low blood pressure) Shock can result from loss of blood or severe fluid losses (hypovolaemia), loss of fluid from the circulating blood volume inside the body (distributive shock), weakness of the heart's contraction (cardiogenic shock) loss of the constrictive tone of the blood vessels (vasodilatory shock) and obstruction of the blood flow (obstructive shock). Often the cause of shock is a mix of more than one of these mechanisms Examples of specific causes of shock include: haemorrhage, burns, severe diarrhoea, anaphylaxsis, systemic infection, myocardial infraction, pulmonary embolism and cardiac tamponade Untreated persistent clinical shock will progress to multiple organ dysfunction and eventually death While anxiety, and psychological distress are symptoms of shock (caused by the activity of the sympathetic nervous system) the medical syndrome of clinical shock is quite distinct from the lay concepts of psychological shock perpetuated by the media.

BLOOD VOLUME IN CLINICAL SHOCK. THE EXTENT AND CAUSE OF BLOOD VOLUME REDUCTION IN TRAUMATIC, HEMORRHAGIC, AND BURN SHOCK. Noble RP, Gregersen MI, Porter PM, Buckman A.

Department of Physiology of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City. Blood volume in clinical shock; the extent and cause of blood volume reduction in traumatic, hemorrhagic, and burn shock. J Clin Invest.

Blood volume in clinical shock; the extent and cause of blood volume reduction in traumatic, hemorrhagic, and burn shock. NOBLE RP, GREGERSEN MI. J Clin Invest.

Effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries. Chin J Traumatol. Effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries.

Zhang LY, Zhao S, Li Y, Ma XL. Chin J Traumatol. The relation of blood volume reduction to mortality rate in hemorrhagic and traumatic shock in dogs.

Am J Physiol. The relation of blood volume reduction to mortality rate in hemorrhagic and traumatic shock in dogs. WANG SC, OVERMAN RR.

Am J Physiol. Review Bench-to-bedside review: latest results in hemorrhagic shock. Review Bench-to-bedside review: latest results in hemorrhagic shock.

Angele MK, Schneider CP, Chaudry IH. Epub 2008 Jul 10. Review Hemorrhagic shock in obstetrics.

J Perinat Med. Review Hemorrhagic shock in obstetrics. J Perinat Med.

The Redistribution of Body Water and the Fluid Therapy of the Burned Patient.

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