Keratoconus is a disease of the eye where the normally round cornea begins to bulge and take on the shape of a cone. It alters the amount of light that enters the eye and causes distorted vision.
3 A rare, autosomal dominant form of severe keratoconus with anterior polar cataract is caused by a mutation in the seed region of mir-184, a microRNA that is highly expressed in the cornea and anterior lens. 24 Keratoconus is diagnosed more often in people with Down's syndrome, though the reasons for this link have not yet been determined. Keratoconus has been associated with atopic diseases,26 which include asthma, allergies, and eczema, and it is not uncommon for several or all of these diseases to affect one person.
Keratoconus is also associated with Down syndrome and Marfan syndrome. 26 A number of studies suggest vigorous eye rubbing contributes to the progression of keratoconus, and patients should be discouraged from the practice. 272829303132 Iatrogenic keratoconus has also been observed following LASIK surgery, caused by removal of excessive stromal bed tissue.
In early stages of keratoconus, spectacles or soft contact lenses can suffice to correct for the mild astigmatism. As the condition progresses, these may no longer provide the patient with a satisfactory degree of visual acuity, and most clinical practitioners will move to manage the condition with rigid contact lenses, known as rigid, gas-permeable, (RGP) lenses. RGP lenses provide a good level of visual correction, but do not arrest progression of the condition.
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