What is laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery?

Five million people in the U.S. have thrown away their eyeglasses and contacts, opting to have their eyeballs reshaped by a laser. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis) is a high-tech method of altering the shape of your eye to improve your vision. The goal of LASIK is 20/20 vision.

This means that at 20 feet, you'll see the 20 line on the eye chart; this is the level of acuity that is considered to be acceptable by most people. Some people want the best possible vision for the average person, shooting for 20/12. Because of the way the light-sensing cones in the retina and the neurons in the brain process light and space, the best vision any human can have is 20/10.

While LASIK sounds great, it's still an imperfect procedure. LASIK relies on lasers to cut the cornea, and that's where problems can occur. Like any surgical procedure, about 3-5 percent of people have complications.

While eyeballs have even been perforated, most problems are just nuisances leaving you with irregular vision and halos around light, particularly at night. Your eyes might feel dry afterwards, and you might need saline drops. If this happens, be careful if you plan on having cosmetic eyelid surgery in the future, and make sure to tell your doc about your problem.

LASIK is irreversible and can't treat some shapes of eyeballs. Occasionally, blood vessels can grow into the cornea after the procedure, harming vision. Newer techniques are being developed that hope to solve these problems.

LASIK is a great procedure and one that we expect to improve with newer generations of computerized lasers, but if your job depends on perfect vision, like flying an airplane or performing surgery, you might want to wait a few more years before considering LASIK.

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