What is the difference between anthracite and bituminous coal?

Pennsylvania’s bituminous and anthracite coal started out identically as thick deposits of waterlogged woody material accumulating in vast coastal swamps that periodically covered the state 280 to 330 million years ago. These peat deposits were buried by sand, silt and clay brought in by the gradual incursion of shifting rivers and coastlines. The process continued for millions of years and resulted in thousands of feet of burial.

Elevated temperatures at these depths slowly transformed the buried peat deposits across the state into bituminous coal by driving off the easily vaporized components and leaving a progressively higher percentage of carbon. Mountain building caused further change in the coals of eastern Pennsylvania. Thick sheets of rock were slowly thrust over them during the tremendous upheaval that formed the Appalachian Mountain chain approximately 280 million years ago.

This additional cover increased depth of burial to a few miles and greatly increased temperature. ... more.

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