What is the difference between (char)temp and Character.toChars(temp) and String.valueOf(Character.toChars(temp)) in java?

Normally, these three statements all do the same thing. And certainly, this is the case if temp contains a character that you have just read using Reader.read() and that character was not a UTF-16 surrogate character. (Whether this does the "right" thing or not depends on whether the default character encoding supports the character that you are trying to write.).

The first two are basically the same, except you are calling the Character object instead of the primitive data type char. The third one is just another step which is not needed, System.out. Print turns the input into a readable output string anyways, so there is no need to parse the char into a string.

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