The rate of accumulation is not something that can be answered here; and although opening windows and doors will cause the accumulation to dissipate that doesn't mean the home is safe (as you know).
Your local fire department should be able to answers questions about carbon monoxide in your home. The potential danger with carbon monoxide is, of course, carbon monoxide poisoning.
With a gas oven, depending on the incident, another concern would be build up of natural gas. Your gas company can answer questions you have about any incidents, concerns, or potential build-up of natural gas. The potential danger with natural gas is explosion.
If you believe natural gas is the problem don't do anything that would/could cause a spark.
With either problem, it's possible the incident was minor enough that experts can assure you there's not much reason for concern, but it's important to ask, just in case there's reason to have the home checked.
Essentially, you're going to take how large the container is, i.e. Your house or kitchen or even the lethal amount of carbon monoxide, factor how much the oven puts out, and estimate the outflow of air that is coming in. You want the flow out to be equal or greater to the amount coming in, so that the buildup never approaches the lethal level.
Assuming the carbon monoxide is evenly dispersed.
I'd advise to open a few windows to create and maximize a cross-current.
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