What was the Montgomery bus boycott?

The Montgomery (Alabama) Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest designed to use the African-American community's economic power to end racial segregation on Montgomery city buses after Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to relinquish her seat to a white man. The boycott began on December 4, 1955 and ended December 20, 1956, 381 days later More information: On the evening of December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks left work as a seamstress for Montgomery Fair department store in Montgomery, Alabama. She boarded a city bus, walked past several empty seats in the "whites only" area behind the driver, and sat down in the "colored section" immediately behind the segregation line After the bus made three more stops on its route the "whites-only" seats became full, leaving one white men standing.

When the driver noticed the man had nowhere to sit, he moved the line marking the whites-only section back one row, and told four African-American passengers, including Rosa Parks, to vacate the seats. The other three immediately stood up, but Parks refused to move. She had experienced problems with this particular driver in the past, and had even been evicted for refusing to enter and exit through the rear door The driver ordered Parks to move, or he would have her arrested.

Parks indicated she had no intention of moving and told him to go ahead and have her arrested A few minutes later, two policemen boarded the bus and confiscated Parks' purse and shopping back, escorting her off the bus and arresting her for violating the city's segregation laws Rosa Parks later recalled the incident in an interview People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then.

I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in Parks was charged with a misdemeanor count of disorderly conduct, jailed overnight, and released the next day on $100 bond. She appeared before judge John B.

Scott in Montgomery Municipal Court on December 4, and was fined $10 plus $4 court costs. Although her attorney, Fred Gray, immediately filed an appeal, he realized the Parks' case could be tied up in Alabama state courts for years African-American community leaders, Jo Ann Robinson, an English instructor at Alabama State College and President of Montgomery's Women's Political Council, and E. D.

Nixon, President of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP called a meeting on December 4, 1955, to discuss holding a one-day boycott of the Montgomery City Lines, Inc. , bus company During the meeting, the group formed a new alliance, the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), to which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was elected Chairman and President. Dr. King subsequently became the leader of the civil rights action that lasted 381 days.

The boycott ended only after the US Supreme Court held segregation in public transportation is unconstitutional and ordered the Montgomery buses integrated ( Browder v. Gayle (1956)) For more information, see Related Links, below.

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