Trim a dogs nails frequently and just a bit every time. Use a clipper with a 'guard' that protect you from taking too much nail off. Ensure your dog is calm, lying down, and give them treats when you're done.
You can also file the nails after trimming to smooth edges. Stick with it, if your dog isn't a fan of this type of grooming, it is hard to work with the paws of some dogs, but if you stay calm and work firmly and quickly you can get the job done. If you cut too far down you will cut the 'quick' and it will bleed and hurt the pup.
I recommend having a product called a Styptic 'pen' or powder that will stop bleeding if you do have an accident (you can get this at any pet store). The more you trim the nails the shorter they will get - the quick grows only so far towards the nail tip - and then it will be easier to trim the nails even shorter. Good luck.
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