Answer well to fix the black smoke you might wanna check or change your oil Answer Black smoke is a sign of running rich aka burning too much fuel. Your gas mileage is taking a beating. When your on the highway it is probably dumping in so much fuel that it can't burn it and floods it out.
The ticking noise MAY be that there has been so much fuel not being burned that it is getting into the oil and thinning it out. I would expect that if you pulled the dipstick for the oil that you will find it very thin and smelling of raw fuel. Get the problem diagnosed and fixed as well as an oil change if this seems to be accurate.
But for instance, there is no dirt present on the filter, then a possible cause of the problem has something to do with the car fuel injection system. Usually a problem on fuel injection system is the fuel injector sensor may be bad. The job of the sensors is to measure various engine factors that use to calculate how much fuel is injected into the engine cylinder, if the sensors gone badly the air/fuel ratio will be wrong which causes black smoke out the exhaust.
The sensor that is commonly cause black smoke from exhaust when at fault are the mass airflow sensor, throttle position sensor and engine coolant temperature sensor. It is difficult to identify which of the three sensors are the problem therefore the only thing to find this out is to bring the car to a reputable car shop and ask the mechanic to check the car with an engine analyzer, replace the sensor at fault to fix the problem. For car with carburetor the most common cause of black smoke problem is a stuck choke plate.
To find out if it is indeed a stuck choke plate problem, locate the carburetor and remove the air filter unit to be able to look down the carburetors barrel, examine the location of the choke plate inside the carburetor barrel, if the choke plate is nearly close or close then your car suffers from stuck choke plate problem and this is the cause why there is black smoke coming out the exhaust. To correct the problem apply choke spray to the choke linkage if this does not correct the problem you need a new choke. However after examining you found that the choke plate not stuck then the only remaining possible cause that makes your car to emit black smoke from exhaust is a vacuum leak, if this is the case then you'll need to bring your car to a reputable car shop and ask the mechanic to test your car for a vacuum leak.
Take this problem at once to avoid much bigger problem that may arise from having a black smoke from exhaust of car.
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