1 Couple different scenarios. In the case where the catcher is fielding a bunt or a hit ball the catcher should throw to the inside of the bag...as the runner is required to stay in the baseline (which is outside the field of play). It is important for the 1st basemen to give the catcher a good target in the field of play.
The catcher should also if they have time take a step or two away from the baseline into the field of play so they have a good angle to make the throw. As long as the catcher keeps the throw in the field of play...if it hits the runner the runner should be out as they will not be in the baseline. In the case where a catcher may be making a pickoff attempt of a runner leaning too far off the bag...the catcher should throw the ball right at the base.
2 In the case of a passed ball or drop third strike...by necessity the catcher will likely need to throw to the outside of the bag. In this case it is very important for the first basemen to give a good target outside of the bag...even getting off the bag to the outside...catching the ball and then tagging the base. Again the catcher should take steps away from the baseline so they can take an angle on the throw that has less chance of hitting the runner.
The runner has ~3 foot baseline that they are required to stay in when running to first base...if the ball hits them while they are in the baseline they will be safe...if the ball impacts the runner and the runner is outside the baseline they are out. As important as it is for the catcher to understand what they should do in the above scenarios it is just as important or even more important for the first basemen to be set up correctly to lead the catcher as to where the throw should be made.
4 The first basemen should not be simply standing on first base or should not be striding directly towards the catcher...they should be either setting up a target to the inside or outside of the bag depending on the situation. If your first basemen does this it will lead the catcher to make the correct throw. The other important thing is to teach the catcher to take a step or two away from the baseline to get a better angle...in most plays like this the catcher should have time to field the ball and then take a step or two before making a throw.
Example a dribbler/bunt down the baseline...the catcher should field the ball...and in the same motion take a step or two into the field of play. At the same time the 1st basemen should be setting up a target a few feet to the inside of the bag...if there are no other runners on base the second basemen should be rushing over to back up the first basemen (rightfielder should be doing the same). The catcher makes the throw to first keeping it in the field of play and hitting the first basemens target.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.