When to use PDO prepared queries. mysql_real_escape error?

To address the error you're receiving mysql_real_escape_string() requires an open connection via mysql_connect() . Because you don't have one, it's attempting to connect and failing (using a username of matthew whereas your PDO is connecting with root ). Additionally, you cannot (or shouldn't ) mix and match mysql_real_escape_string() and PDO - they're different libraries.

If you're using PDO, you should not be using mysql_real_escape_string. The PDO library has a very robust SQL placeholder method that does a much better job.

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