Why Do Helium Balloons Deflate So Quickly and How Do Balloons Filled With Air Stay Inflated Longer?

Helium gas is not only very light, it is monatomic, its particles are all made of a single atom. As a result, helium is made up of the smallest gaseous particles possible. The atoms are only 0.1 nanometre in diameter, and are quite capable of diffusing through metal films.

Because it so readily diffuses through small pores, helium is used to help test for leaks in industrial and laboratory vacuum systems. Nitrogen and oxygen molecules have a much larger diameter than helium atoms which means that they are much less capable of diffusing through the balloon walls. It’s like the difference between trying to get sand and small pebbles to pass through a sieve, the sand goes through much more easily because it’s made from smaller particles.

The second factor which helps to increase losses by diffusion is that balloons are made from viscoelastic materials whose structure is a tangled mass of polymer strands, a bit like a plate of spaghetti. The polymer strands cannot pack closely together, ... more.

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