Why do waterfalls produce ozone?

It is made by the electrical charge created by the water changing its shape. This includes the surf at the beach. So, yes, this is Lenard's effect.(2) Lenard's effect (Waterfall effect) When a drop of water changes its shape (e.g. Splits into smaller droplets), the droplets and the surrounding air are charged positively and negatively respectively.

This is the Lenard's effect. Two electronic layers always exist on the surface of a drop of water. The inner/outer layer is charged negatively/positively respectively.

As soon as a newly formed water droplet has contact with the air positive ions in the air are absorbed into the droplets outer layer. As a result the surrounding air is charged negatively and thus negative air ions are generated. Sources: envronozone.com/ozone_science.htm .

Yes Here is the best I could find for you on the net. Lenard himself is not given much press, despite getting a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1905 (I think it was 1905) because he was a Nazi sympathizer. Nevertheless, this might help: Lenard effect—(Also called spray electrification, waterfall effect.) The separation of electric charges accompanying the aerodynamic breakup of water drops, first studied systematically by the German physicist P.

Lenard (1892). Experiments have shown that the degree of charge separation in spray processes depends upon the drop temperature, presence of dissolved impurities, speed of the impinging air blast, and contact with foreign surfaces. The largest fragments of the broken drops are observed to carry positive charges and the fine spray of drops carried off in the impinging air current carries a net negative charge.

Distilled water drops of 4-mm diameter, broken after a 5-cm free fall into an updraft of 1 m s?1, were found by Chapman (1953) to yield about 10?10 C of separated charge per drop. The Lenard effect was incorporated by Simpson (1927) into his breaking-drop theory of thunderstorm charge generation, but many critical details are but poorly understood. Chapman, S.

, 1953: Thunderstorm Electricity, Byers, H. R. , ed.

, 207–213. Simpson, G.C. , 1927: The mechanism of a thunderstorm.Proc.Roy. Soc.

A, 114, 376–401. Lenard, P. , 1892: Über die Elektrizität der Wasserfälle.

Ann.Phys. , Lpz, 46, 584–636. Sources: http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=lenard-effect1 .

1 I would vote for "Kelvin electrostatic generator", rather than the Lenard effect per se, as the cause of any ozone production. Water falling past layers of varying soil conductivity could produce quite a "static" charge.

I would vote for "Kelvin electrostatic generator", rather than the Lenard effect per se, as the cause of any ozone production. Water falling past layers of varying soil conductivity could produce quite a "static" charge.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.