Why do you suppose scientists use the joule as the unit of measurement of energy instead of the calorie?

Both Joules and calories are defined in terms of metric units, though the calorie is older. Both are actually defined (originally) in terms of water. But the Joule is easier to measure.

The calorie is based on heat capacity: how much energy does it take to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree C? There are a lot of things you have to control for: it's actually different at 4C than at 20C, and it's different from 1/100th of the energy needed to take ice water to boiling. The differences are on the order of 1%.

You can define one particular set of conditions, but it's finicky. Plus, it's hard to measure temperature to more than a couple of decimal places. There are other conditions that go into measuring the Joule, but they're easier to manage.

The Joule is also defined in terms of water, but by mass rather than its thermal properties. There, too, you have to control for temperature, but the volume of water is more constant. (And they defined it originally in terms of ice water, which is fairly easy to standardize.) You also need definitions of the meter and the second, but these can be specified to many decimal places.

The meter and the kilogram were originally defined in terms of standard chunks of metal, and the kilogram still technically is. But all three can be measured to several decimal places very quickly and easily, while the calorie is still tricky to measure precisely.So scientists tend to use the joule more than the calorie, but since the calorie is also defined in metric terms the conversion is easy and some sciences use the calorie as well. PamPerdue 65 months ago.

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