Why is silicon widely used in electronic devices?

Silicon is widely used in electronic devices because it has good thermal transfer characteristics, enhancing the ability to heat sink a component, and because it has poor electrical characteristics, making it a good insulator. It can also be used to prevent contamination, such as in an automotive lamp application, where it would prevent water intrusion while allowing the contacts to remain viable If you look at the periodic table, you will find that silicon and germanium occupy unique positions: they are semimetals and they have a valence of 4. As a result, they have electrical properties that are different from all other elements.In their pure crystalline form, silicon and germanium do not conduct electric current, but when very small concentrations of impurities are introduced, which either add or remove electron positions, they can be conductors.

Even more importantly, a boundary between regions with a surplus or a deficit of electron positions creates an asymmetric barrier to electric current. In other words, a diode The effects get even more interesting (and useful) when two or more boundaries are brought microscopically close together; the carriers of electric charge crossing the boundaries behave according to the strange rules of quantum physics and they are controllable! This, in essence, is the mechanism of a transistor These tiny devices can be created, in vast numbers, on the surface of either silicon or germanium crystals and they work the same way.

For most applications, though, silicon works a bit better. The entire semiconductor industry is mainly geared up for manufacturing using silicon, so the vast majority of integrated circuits are built on silicon wafers.

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