Why was Botany Bay not suitable for the First Fleet?

Although Botany Bay was the location recommended by James Cook and Joseph Banks, when the First Fleet arrived on 18 January 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip could see that it lacked essential resources for a new colony. It lacked a safe harbour; the timber was not suitable for building; there was no clear source of fresh water; and the site lacked good soil for planting crops. This resulted in the decision to move further north to Port Jackson, where the people aboard the ships of the First Fleet disembarked on 26 January 1788.

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