Why you use sine wave for ac power supply why not triangle wave or square wave?
AC power comes from an electrical generator, which is a set of stationary coils (the stator) around a rotating magnetic field (the rotor). This configuration produces a sinewave output. We use a sine wave on the power grid because that's the way the electricity is generated, and it is a "natural" thing to do.It's a "pain" to have to convert it to another waveshape.
There is also the fact that some nasty harmonics will appear on the power grid if we try to use triangular or square waves. Particularly with a square wave. The electrical loss will be higher, too.
See the generator link below Additionally, the sine wave is the the 'purest' waveform, being the root of all other period waveforms. See Fourier series link below.
The original question is actually very reasonable, but Mik did ask for a physical justification as well, which has yet to be provided. It has already been pointed out that early generators could only generate sine waves as shaped windings were not available. Remember, however that the earliest generators were DC.
This of course is generated as a sine wave with alternate half cycles inverted. Remember also that reactive elements respond to rate of change of current or voltage. For a square wave the rate of change is zero most of the time.
For a sine wave there are only two points on the wave that have zero rate of change. This is the physical basis why square waves are not used for power transmission. However exactly this characteristic is good for signal transmission.
Ramp waveforms have unequal half cycles, which leads to magnetisation of inductive components. So these are only used for special purposes, eg flyback. Triangular waveforms have some advantages over sine waves, but their extra generating difficulty easily outweighs these.
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