Will liquid NH3 become a source of fuel for transportation?

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Not likely. Liquid ammonia costs about $5 a gallon and has about 1/3 the energy of gasoline, so it's like gas at $15 a gallon. Ammonia is made by breaking down natural gas, so it's always going to cost more than natural gas.

And it's highly toxic-- spill a cupful and you have to evacuate a city block-- not too practical for daily use. It's even more deadly to fish and amphibians-- I don't think the EPA would ever allow it.

Nh3 could be used with fuel cells to power a vehicle GoldenLion 11 months ago .

Ng is become nearly free GoldenLion 11 months ago .

A few corrections to Ancient_HackerWith NH3 at $400/ton, the GGE (gasoline gallon equivalent) is about $3/gallon. NH3 is about half as dense as gasoline, not 1/3. While natural gas is the most common way of making NH3 for the US, it may also be made by electrolysis from water (very clean), from coal (as is done in China), and there are solid state technologies in development.

The solid state technology is like a fuel cell in reverse: put in water, nitrogen and electricity, get NH3 out the other end. NH3 is not actually toxic, your body is full of it, and you release some on every trip to the bathroom. However, NH3 is highly caustic, and too much can kill you.

Unlike natural gas, you can smell very low concentrations which are way below dangerous amounts. NH3 does not explode at normal pressures, and the Department of Transportation consider NH3 non-flammable. Unlike petroleum fuels which cause long term ground pollution, NH3 is a lighter than air gas and evaporates away.

It has no effect on the ozone layer, and breaks down to H2O (water) and nitrogen gas. NH3 is mostly used as fertilizer; millions of tons are applied to corn fields every year. Like most things, too much is not good.

The technology for handling, transportation, and storage of NH3 is well-proven. The death rates per gallon from NH3 use is about 1/10 of the deaths caused by petroleum drilling and transportation. The biggest problem for widespread use of NH3 is misinformation and resistance from NH3 producers, farmers, and other vested interests.

Nh3 could be the hydrogen source for fcvs GoldenLion 11 months ago .

Explain solid state technology GoldenLion 11 months ago .

GoldenLion - About 20 million tons (5.5 billion gallons) of NH3 are transported in the US each year. As for all hazardous materials, including gasoline, there are significant regulations for safe transport. The spill risks for NH3 are different than gasoline or propane.

Because the risk profile is different, many people think NH3 is "worse". Is NH3 safe? Depends how you define "safe".

NH3 does not explode and is very difficult to ignite because of its high ignition temperature. A spill evaporates up and away, and is cleaned up with water. A very small leak is very obvious by smell and therefore not ignored - which cannot be said for propane or natural gas.

There are no long term effects, such as cancer, liver disease, etc. Effects are immediate (caustic, breathing difficulties) and immediately resolved, or not. On the other hand, a large spill will burn moist tissue, such as eyes and lungs. Too much will kill people in the immediate vicinity.

Death by ammonia is very rare, as the intense smell makes people run away quickly. As a "poison gas", there is a lot of fear. Several studies show that NH3 is safer than petroleum products, but fear is more psychological than physiological.

The biggest and worst NH3 accident in the US was in Minot, North Dakota in January 2002. Fifteen rail cars derailed, and 200,000 gallons spilled. Despite this disaster, only one person was killed.

In comparison, about 100 people are killed annually in the petroleum industry. No fuel is absolutely safe - even "human fuels" such as flour can explode, fireplaces burn down houses, etc.

GoldenLion - explain solid statehere are a few links:inside.mines.edu/~jbeach/ammonia-fuel.v0... will find you many more. Pdf.

By the way, I do not see NH3 likely to be a widespread replacement for gasoline in consumer automobiles. NH3 is more likely to be useful in rural locations with skilled operators, such as farm tractors, construction equipment, locomotives, above ground mining, irrigation and water supply pumps, long haul trucks, emergency generators, etc.

Reason #1: Lawyers. A new fuel with different risks would be a lawyers field day. Reason #2: Idiots on the road - too many crazy teenagers, confused grandmothers, etc. Somebody would figure a way to defeat the safety mechanisms and get people hurt.

Reason #3: The fuel cells that use NH3 are different than those that use H2. I doubt that NH3 fuel cell technology will be ready by 2015, but if you know a link, I'd love to see it.

The solution will be network highways and google driven carsTransportation speeds will increase through highway automation and networks GoldenLion 11 months ago .

Nh3 could be the hydrogen source for fcvs davepamn 52 months ago.

Nh3 could be the hydrogen source for fcvs davepamn 57 months ago.

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